Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are a mysterious new class of extragalactic fast radio transients whose nature is presently unknown. Here I provide a detailed review of FRB phenomenology and identify particularly remarkable sources that may act as Rosetta Stones for understanding the origin of the population, with an emphasis on results from the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) Fast Radio Burst Project. I also discuss plans for understanding FRBs using CHIME/FRB and its upcoming Outrigger telescopes.