Multimode Fibers: Propagation Physics, Communications and Signal Processing

Contents

  • Spatial Multiplexing: Review Articles
  • Spatially Multiplexed Ultra-Long-Haul Submarine Systems
  • Propagation in Multi-Mode or Multi-Core Fibers
  • Coherent Systems: Transmission Impairments and Their Migitation by Coding, Modulation or Digital Signal Processing
  • Coherent Transmission Experiments
  • Fibers, Bragg Gratings, Optical Amplifiers and Optical Switches
  • Spatially Multiplexed Networks
  • Direct-Detection Systems: Mode-Division Multiplexing using Optical Signal Processing
  • Direct-Detection Systems: Dispersion Compensation by Optical or Digital Signal Processing
  • Direct-Detection Transmission Experiments

    Spatial Multiplexing: Review Articles

    J. M. Kahn and D. A. B. Miller, "Communications Expands its Space", Nature Photonics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 5-8, January 2017 (Invited Paper). PDF

    Spatially Multiplexed Ultra-Long-Haul Submarine Systems

    A. Vijay, O. Krutko, R. Refaee and J. M. Kahn, "Modal Statistics in Mode-Division-Multiplexed Systems Using Mode Scramblers", J Lightw. Technol., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 845-856, January 15, 2025. PDF

    A. Vijay, O. Krutko, R. Refaee and J. M. Kahn, "Modal Statistics in Mode-Division-Multiplexed Systems Using Mode Scramblers (Extended)", https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.06908. PDF

    H. Srinivas, O. Krutko and J. M. Kahn, "Efficient Integrated Multimode Amplifiers for Scalable Long-Haul SDM Transmission", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 41, no. 15, pp. 4989-5002, August 1, 2023. PDF

    E. S. Chou and J. M. Kahn, "Successive Interference Cancellation on Frequency-Selective Channels with Mode-Dependent Gain", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 3729-3738, June 15, 2022. PDF

    H. Srinivas, J. D. Downie, J. Hurley, X. Liang, J. Himmelreich, J. K. Perin, D. A. A. Mello and J. M. Kahn, "Modeling and Experimental Measurement of Power Efficiency for Power-Limited SDM Submarine Transmission Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 2376-2386, April 15, 2021. PDF

    D. A. A. Mello, K. Choutagunta, H. Srinivas and J. M. Kahn, "Impact of Polarization- and Mode-Dependent Gain on the Capacity of Ultra-Long-Haul Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 303-318, January 15, 2020 (Invited Paper). PDF

    J. K. Perin, J. M. Kahn, J. D. Downie, J. Hurley and K. Bennett, "Importance of Amplifier Physics in Maximizing the Capacity of Submarine Links", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 37, pp. 2076-2085, May 1, 2019. PDF

    O. D. Domingues, D. A. A. Mello, R. Silva, S. O. Arik and J. M. Kahn, Achievable Rates of Space-Division Multiplexed Submarine Links Subject to Nonlinearities and Power Feed Constraints , J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 35, no. 18, pp. 4004-4010, September 15, 2017. PDF

    Propagation in Multi-Mode or Multi-Core Fibers

    A. Vijay, O. Krutko, R. Refaee and J. M. Kahn, "Modal Statistics in Mode-Division-Multiplexed Systems Using Mode Scramblers", J Lightw. Technol., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 845-856, January 15, 2025. PDF

    A. Vijay, O. Krutko, R. Refaee and J. M. Kahn, "Modal Statistics in Mode-Division-Multiplexed Systems Using Mode Scramblers (Extended)", https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.06908. PDF

    A. Vijay and J. M. Kahn, "Effect of Higher-Order Modal Dispersion in Direct-Detection Mode-Division-Multiplexed Links", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1670-1683, March 15, 2023. PDF

    K. Choutagunta, I. Roberts and J. M. Kahn, "Efficient Quantification and Simulation of Modal Dynamics in Multimode Fiber Links", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 37, pp. 1813-1825, April 15, 2019 (Invited Paper). PDF

    K. Choutagunta, R. Ryf, N. Fontaine, S. Wittek, J. C. Alvarado-Zacarias, M. Mazur, H. Chen, R.-J. Essiambre, R. Amezcua-Correa, T. Hayashi, Y. Tamura, T. Hasegawa, T. Taru and J. M. Kahn, "Modal Dynamics in Spatially Multiplexed Links", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., San Diego, CA, March 3-7, 2019 (Invited Paper). PDF

    K. Choutagunta, S. O. Arik, K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Characterizing Mode-Dependent Loss and Gain in Multimode Components", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 36, no. 18, pp. 3815-3823, September 15, 2018. PDF

    K. Choutagunta and J. M. Kahn, "Dynamic Channel Modeling for Mode-Division Multiplexing", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 2451-2463, June 15, 2017. PDF

    S. O. Arik, K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Group Delay Management and Multi-Input Multi-Output Signal Processing in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2867-2880, June 1, 2016 (Invited Paper). PDF

    S. O. Arik, K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Delay Spread Reduction in Mode-Division Multiplexing: Mode Coupling versus Delay Compensation", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 33, no. 21, pp. 4504-4512, November 1, 2015. PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Linear Propagation Effects in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 614-628, February 15, 2014 (Invited Tutorial). PDF

    J. M. Kahn and K.-P. Ho, "Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems: Propagation Effects, Performance and Complexity", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Anaheim, CA, March 17-21, 2013 (Invited Tutorial). PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Mode Coupling and its Impact on Spatially Multiplexed Systems", in Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI, I. P. Kaminow, T. Li and A. E. Willner,Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013 (Invited Chapter). PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Delay-Spread Distribution for Multimode Fiber with Strong Mode Coupling", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 21, pp. 1906-1909, November 1, 2012. PDF

    J. M. Kahn, K.-P. Ho and M. B. Shemirani, "Mode Coupling Effects in Multi-Mode Fibers", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, March 4-8, 2012 (Invited Paper). PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Statistics of Group Delays in Multimode Fiber with Strong Mode Coupling", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no. 21, pp. 3119-3128, November 1, 2011. PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Mode-Dependent Loss and Gain: Statistics and Effect on Mode-Division Multiplexing", Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 16612-16635, August 15, 2011 (Invited Paper). PDF

    M. B. Shemirani and J. M. Kahn, "Higher-Order Modal Dispersion in Graded-Index Multimode Fiber", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 5461-5468, December 1, 2009. PDF

    M. B. Shemirani, W. Mao, R. A Panicker and J. M. Kahn, "Principal Modes in Graded-Index Multimode Fiber in Presence of Spatial- and Polarization-Mode Coupling", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1248-1261, May 15, 2009. PDF See also the errata: PDF

    S. Fan and J. M. Kahn, "Principal Modes in Multi-Mode Waveguides", Optics Letters, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 135-137, January 15, 2005. PDF

    Coherent Systems: Transmission Impairments and Their Migitation by Coding, Modulation or Digital Signal Processing

    E. S. Chou and J. M. Kahn, "Successive Interference Cancellation on Frequency-Selective Channels with Mode-Dependent Gain", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 3729-3738, June 15, 2022. PDF

    D. A. A. Mello, K. Choutagunta, H. Srinivas and J. M. Kahn, "Impact of Polarization- and Mode-Dependent Gain on the Capacity of Ultra-Long-Haul Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 303-318, January 15, 2020 (Invited Paper). PDF

    S. O. Arik, K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Group Delay Management and Multi-Input Multi-Output Signal Processing in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2867-2880, June 1, 2016 (Invited Paper). PDF

    S. O. Arik and J. M. Kahn, "Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff in Mode-Division Multiplexing", Optics Letters, vol. 39, pp. 3258-3261, June 1, 2014. PDF

    S. O. Arik, D. Askarov and J. M. Kahn, "Adaptive Frequency-Domain Equalization in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1841-1852, May 15, 2014. PDF

    S. O. Arik, J. M. Kahn and K.-P. Ho, "MIMO Signal Processing for Mode-Division Multiplexing", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 31, pp. 25-34, March 2014 (Invited Paper). PDF

    J. M. Kahn and K.-P. Ho, "Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems: Propagation Effects, Performance and Complexity", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., Anaheim, CA, March 17-21, 2013 (Invited Tutorial). PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Mode Coupling and its Impact on Spatially Multiplexed Systems", in Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI, I. P. Kaminow, T. Li and A. E. Willner,Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013 (Invited Chapter). PDF

    S. O. Arik, D. Askarov and J. M. Kahn, "Effect of Mode Coupling on Signal Processing Complexity in Mode-Division Multiplexing", J. Lightw. Technol. vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 423-431, February 1, 2013. PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Frequency Diversity in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no. 24, pp. 3719-3726, December 15, 2011. PDF

    K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Mode-Dependent Loss and Gain: Statistics and Effect on Mode-Division Multiplexing", Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 16612-16635, August 15, 2011 (Invited Paper). PDF

    Coherent Transmission Experiments

    S. Wittek, R. Ryf, N. K. Fontaine, K. Choutagunta, M. Mazur, H. Chen, J. C. Alvarado-Zacarias, M. Capuzzo, R. Kopf, A. Tate, H. Safar, C. Bolle, D. T. Neilson, E. Burrows, K. Kim, M. Bigot-Astruc, F. Achten, P. Sillard, A. Amezcua-Correa, J. M. Kahn, J. Schroder, R. Amezcua-Correa and J. Carpenter, "Mode-Multiplexed Transmission Within and Across Mode Groups of a Multimode-Fiber", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., San Diego, CA, March 3-7, 2019. PDF

    R. Ryf, N. K. Fontaine, S. Wittek, K. Choutagunta, M. Mazur, H. Chen, J. C. Alvarado-Zacarias, R. Amezcua-Correa, M. Capuzzo, R. Kopf, A. Tate, H. Safar, C. Bolle, D. T. Neilson, E. Burrows, K. Kim, M. Bigot-Astruc, F. Achten, P. Sillard, A. Amezcua-Correa, J. M. Kahn, J. Schr der and J. Carpenter, "High-Spectral-Efficiency Mode-Multiplexed Transmission over Graded-Index Multimode Fiber", Proc. of Postdeadline Papers, Euro. Conf. on Optical Commun., Rome, IT, September 23-27, 2018. PDF

    Fibers, Bragg Gratings, Optical Amplifiers and Optical Switches

    O. Krutko, R. Refaee, A. Vijay and J. M. Kahn, "Ultra-Low-Loss Fiber Bragg Grating Mode Scrambler Design Exploiting Propagation Constant Engineering", J. Lightw. Technol., doi: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3510274.

    A. Vijay, O. Krutko, R. Refaee and J. M. Kahn, "Low-Loss Fiber Bragg Grating Mode Scramblers Exploiting Propagation Constant Engineering", Proc. of Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science, Denver, CO, September 23-26, 2024. PDF

    H. Srinivas, O. Krutko and J. M. Kahn, "Efficient Integrated Multimode Amplifiers for Scalable Long-Haul SDM Transmission", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 41, no. 15, pp. 4989-5002, August 1, 2023. PDF

    K. Choutagunta and J. M. Kahn, "Designing High-Performance Multimode Fibers Using Refractive Index Optimization", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 233-242, January 1, 2021. PDF

    E. Chou, T. Hayashi, T. Nagashima, J. M. Kahn and T. Nakanishi, "Stable Measurement of Effective Area in Coupled Multi-core Fiber", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commmun. Conf., San Diego, CA, March 11-15, 2018. PDF

    D. Askarov and J. M. Kahn, "Long-Period Fiber Gratings for Mode Coupling in Mode-Division-Multiplexing Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 4032-4038, October 1, 2015. PDF

    K.-P. Ho, J. M. Kahn and J. P. Wilde, "Wavelength-Selective Switches for Mode-Division Multiplexing: Scaling and Performance Analysis", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 3724-3735, November 15, 2014. PDF

    R. Nasiri Mahalati, D. Askarov and J. M. Kahn, "Adaptive Modal Gain Equalization Techniques in Multi-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 2133-2143, June 1, 2014. PDF

    E. Ip, R. Y. Gu, M.-J. Li, Y.-K. Huang and J. M. Kahn, "Experimental Demonstration of a Gain-Flattening Filter for Few-Mode Fiber Based on a Spatial Light Modulator", Proc. of Optical Fiber Commun. Conf., San Francisco, CA, March 9-13, 2014. PDF

    S. O. Arik and J. M. Kahn and K.-P. Ho, "Coupled-Core Multi-Core Fibers for Spatial Multiplexing", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 2054-2057, November 1, 2013. PDF

    R. Y. Gu, E. Ip, M.-J. Li, Y.-K Huang and J. M. Kahn, "Experimental Demonstration of a Spatial Light Modulator-based Few-Mode Fiber Switch for Space-Division Multiplexing", Proc. of OSA Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, October 6-10, 2013. PDF

    R. Nasiri Mahalati, D. Askarov and J. M. Kahn, "Adaptive Control of Mode-Dependent Gain in Multi-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers", Proc. of IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical on Space Division Multiplexing for Optical Communication, Waikoloa, HI, July 8-10, 2013.PDF

    D. Askarov and J. M. Kahn, "Design of Transmission Fibers and Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Mode-Division Multiplexing", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 21, pp. 1945-1948, November 1, 2012. PDF

    Spatially Multiplexed Networks

    A. C. Jatoba-Neo, C. E. Rothenberg, D. A. A. Mello, S. O. Arik and J. M. Kahn, "Scaling SDM Optical Networks Using Full-Spectrum Spatial Switching", J. Optical Commun. Netw., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 991-1004, December 2018. PDF

    S. O. Arik, K.-P. Ho and J. M. Kahn, "Optical Network Scaling: Roles of Spectral and Spatial Aggregation", Optics Express, vol. 22, no. 24, pp. 29868-29887, November 21, 2014 (Invited Paper). PDF

    K.-P. Ho, J. M. Kahn and J. P. Wilde, "Wavelength-Selective Switches for Mode-Division Multiplexing: Scaling and Performance Analysis", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 3724-3735, November 15, 2014. PDF

    Direct-Detection Systems: Mode-Division Multiplexing using Optical Signal Processing

    A. Vijay and J. M. Kahn, "Effect of Higher-Order Modal Dispersion in Direct-Detection Mode-Division-Multiplexed Links", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1670-1683, March 15, 2023. PDF

    K. Choutagunta, I. Roberts, D. A. B. Miller and J. M. Kahn, "Adapting Mach-Zehnder Mesh Equalizers in Direct-Detection Mode-Division-Multiplexed Links", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 723-735, February 15, 2020. PDF

    S. O. Arik and J. M. Kahn, "Low-Complexity Implementation of Convex Optimization-Based Phase Retrieval", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 2358-2365, June 15, 2018. PDF

    S. O. Arik and J. M. Kahn, "Direct-Detection Mode-Division Multiplexing in Modal Basis using Phase Retrieval", Optics Lett., vol. 41, no. 18, pp. 4265-4268, September 15, 2016. PDF

    I. Gasulla and J. M. Kahn, "Performance of Direct-Detection Mode-Group-Division Multiplexing using Fused Fiber Couplers", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1748-1760, May 1, 2015. PDF

    Direct-Detection Systems: Dispersion Compensation by Optical or Digital Signal Processing

    D. J. F. Barros and J. M. Kahn, "Comparison of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing and On-Off Keying in Direct-Detection Multimode Fiber Links", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no. 15, pp. 2299-2309, August 1, 2011. PDF

    M. B. Shemirani, J. P. Wilde and J. M. Kahn, "Adaptive Compensation of Multimode Fiber Dispersion by Control of Launched Amplitude, Phase, and Polarization", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 28, no. 18, pp. 2627-2639, September 15, 2010. PDF

    M. B. Shemirani and J. M. Kahn, "Compensation of Multimode Fiber Dispersion by Optimization of Launched Amplitude, Phase, and Polarization", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 2084-2095, July 15, 2010. PDF

    R. A. Panicker and J. M. Kahn, "Algorithms for Compensation of Multimode Fiber Dispersion using Adaptive Optics", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 27, no. 24, pp. 5790-5799, December 15, 2009. PDF

    R. A. Panicker, J. M. Kahn and S. P. Boyd, "Compensation of Multimode Fiber Dispersion using Adaptive Optics via Convex Optimization", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1295-1305, May 2008. PDF

    E. Alon, V. Stojanovic, J. M. Kahn, S. P. Boyd and M. A. Horowitz, "Equalization of Modal Dispersion in Multimode Fiber using Spatial Light Modulators", Proc. of IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf., Dallas, TX, Nov. 29-Dec. 3, 2004. PDF

    Direct-Detection Transmission Experiments

    M. B. Shemirani, J. P. Wilde and J. M. Kahn, "Adaptive Compensation of Multimode Fiber Dispersion by Control of Launched Amplitude, Phase, and Polarization", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 28, no. 18, pp. 2627-2639, September 15, 2010. PDF

    R. A. Panicker, A. P. T. Lau, J. P. Wilde and J. M. Kahn, "Experimental Comparison of Adaptive Optics Algorithms in 10-Gb/s Multimode Fiber Systems", J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 27, no. 24, pp. 5783-5789, December 15, 2009. PDF

    R. A. Panicker, J. P. Wilde, J. M. Kahn, D. F. Welch and I. Lyubomirsky, "10 x 10 Gb/s DWDM Transmission Through 2.2 km Multimode Fiber Using Adaptive Optics", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. , vol. 19, no. 15, pp. 1154-1156, August 1, 2007. PDF Here is an animated PowerPoint presentation of this experiment. View it in slide show mode. Watch the movie on slide 11 (click twice on the graphic).

    X. Shen, J. M. Kahn and M. A. Horowitz, "Compensation for Multimode Fiber Dispersion by Adaptive Optics", Optics Letters, vol. 30, no. 22, pp. 2985-2987, November 15, 2005. PDF Here is an animated PowerPoint presentation of this experiment. View it in slide show mode. Watch the movie on slide 6 (click twice on the graphic).


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    Last modified: February 17, 2025.