Education
Professional Experience
4 semesters during 1962-1965:
Engineer, U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Md. (As MIT
cooperative student.)
Digital logic design, passive sonar systems.
1965-1966: Teaching Assistant, MIT
Summers 1966, 1967: Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Tracking loop analysis for Mariner 5, studies of flicker noise in
phase-locked loops, sequential decoding for deep space communications.
1967-1969: NSF Graduate Trainee, University of Southern California
1969: Lecturer, University of Southern California.
1969-present: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University.
(69-75 Asst. Prof., 75-80 Assoc. Prof., 80-present Prof., 2004 Lucent Technologies
Professor of Engineering);
1972-1973: Nonresident instructor, M.I.T. (taught Applied Probability
class
as part of the MIT VI-A Cooperative program)
1984-1987: Director, Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University
June 1993- present: Vice Chair, Dep't. of Electrical Eng., Stanford
Selected Professional Activities
Co-Chair (with Professor Rabab Ward),
Banff International Research Station Workshop on Multimedia and
Mathematics,
July 23-28, 2005.
Co-Chair (with Professors Rabab Ward, Eve Riskin, and Sheila Hemami),
Banff International Research Station Workshop on Mentoring in
Engineering Academia,
July 2007.
Editor-in-Chief, (2007- ), Foundations and Trends in Signal
Processing,
NOW Publishers, to begin publishing in 2007.
Associate Editor (1977-1981) and Editor-in-Chief (1981-1983), IEEE
Transactions on Information Theory;
Editorial Board, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1998 - 2001
Member: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Eta
Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS), American
Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)
IEEE Information Theory Society Board of Governors,
1974-1980, 1984-1987.
IEEE Signal Processing Society Board of Governors, 1/99 - 12/2001.
Conference/Symposia Program Committees:
Secretary-Treasurer, IEEE 1971 International Symposium on Information Theory
Co-Chair, IEEE 1993 International Symposium on Information Theory, San
Antonio, TX
Program Co-Chair, 1997 (Santa Barbara) and 2004 (Singapore)
IEEE International Conference on Image Processing
Elected member, IEEE Signal Processing Society Image and
Multidimensional Signal Processing Technical Committee (1994-2003) ,
Vice Chair 1998-2000, Chair 2000-2001),
Appointed member, IEEE Signal Processing Society Multimedia Signal
Processing Technical Committee (1997-2000)
1992: National Science Foundation (NSF) Signal Processing Advisory
Committee Member
1992: Visiting Committee, Duke University Electrical Engineering Department
1992-1993: Foreign Applied Sciences
Assessment Center (FASAC) Data Compression Foreign Technology
Assessment Committee, Chair and Editor of Report,
prepared for Science Applications International Corporation
(SAIC) under U.S. Government sponsorship
Chair, National Science Foundation Workshop/Panel on Signal Processing
for the National Information Infrastructure, Arlington, VA, 17-18 August
1994.
Ad Hoc Mammography Committee,
Breast Cancer Research Program,
U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command,
May 1995 - January 1996.
Member, Editorial Board of Signal Processing: Image Communications,
published by EURASIP and Elsevier. 2000 - 2005.
Chair, PAESMEM/Stanford School of Engineering Workshop on Mentoring in
Engineering, June 21-22 2004. Proceedings Editor (the Proceedings may be
found at
http://ee.stanford.edu/ gray/proceedings.pdf)
Member, IEEE Signal Processing Society Nominations and Appointments
Committee,
2003-2006.
Academic Administration
Vice Chairman, Department of Electrical Engineering,
July 1993 - 2005, 2006 - 2007.
Chairman, Academic Affairs Committee of the Department
of Electrical Engineering
July 1993 - 2005
Member, Electrical Engineering Department Executive
Committee,
April 1984-December 1987, July 1993 - 2005, 2006 - 2007
Director, Information Systems Laboratory (one of the five laboratories constituting
the department, roughly fourteen faculty and 80 PhD students)
April 1984-December 1987
Member, Electrical Engineering Department Appointments and Promotions
Committee, January 1988-1989
Co-Director, Stanford University Information Systems Laboratory
Industrial Affiliates Program, 1986-1998, Director
1998 - 2004.
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Long Range Planning Committee,
1985-1986
Member, Electrical Engineering Department Ad Hoc Committee on
Telecommunications, 1985-1987 (Chair, 1986-1987)
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Computer Committee, 1983-1987, 1993 - 2005.
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Master's Administration Committee,
1970-1977, 1982-2005.
(Chair after 1972)
Member, School of Engineering Library Committee,
1979-1984.
Acting Director, Information Systems Laboratory Industrial Affiliates
Program, 1984-1986.
Acting Chair, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University,
September 1999.
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Committee to Investigate New Research Areas, 1970-1971
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Committee on Research in Engineering Education, 1970-1971
Member, School of Engineering Student-Faculty Liason Committee,
1970-1973
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Graduate Degree Committee,
1972-1977, 1982-2005.
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Admissions and Financial Awards Committee, 1972-1977
Chairman, Electrical Engineering Department
Faculty Awards Committee, 1975-1976
Member, Electrical Engineering Department
Sigma Xi Committee, 1978-1986
Chairman of two
Electrical Engineering Department
Faculty Search Committees and member of two others, 1983-1985, 1998-1999,
2000.
Honors
National Science Foundation Graduate Traineeship, 1967-1969.
IEEE Professional Group on Information Theory Paper Award (1976)
IEEE ASSP Society Senior Award (1983) (paper prize)
IEEE Centennial Medal (1984)
IEEE Signal Processing Society 1993 Society Award.
Okawa Foundation Research Grant, 1996
IEEE Signal Processing Society 1997 Technical Achievement Award,
IEEE Information Theory Society Golden Jubilee Award for Technological
Innovation (1998)
IEEE Third Millenium Medal (2000)
Elected Fellow of IEEE (1980) and the IMS (1992).
Fellowships from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science at the
University of Osaka (1981), the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation at the
University of Paris XI (1982), and NATO/Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche at the University of Naples (1990). Vinton Hayes Distinguished
Visiting Scholar at the Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University
(spring 1995).
2002 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and
Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM) (March 2003)
University of Southern California 2003 Distinguished Alumni in Academia Award
First Lucent Technologies Chair in Communications and Networking in the
School of Engineering (January 2004)
IEEE Signal Processing Society Distinguished Lecturer for 2006-2007
IEEE Signal Processing Society 2005 Meritorious Service Award
National Academy of Engineering, 2007
2008 Shannon Award from the IEEE Information Theory Society.
2008 Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal from the IEEE.
Visiting Positions
Other Technical Activities
Advanced
Class Amateur Radio License (KB6XQ).
Students
A complete list of PhD students with current locations (if known) may be
found
at http://ee.stanford.edu/~gray/students.html.
Hobbies History, especially that of the wives and daughters of Gilded Age
diplomats. Two Web books on the subject can be found at
http://ee.stanford.edu/~gray/amy.html and
http://ee.stanford.edu/~gray/amykorea.html. Hiking, rare books, and guitar.
Personal Married to Arlene Gray. Two grown children, five grandchildren.
Selected Publications
from 120 refereed journal articles, 7 books, 2 edited collections,
and numerous book chapters and conference presentations.
A complete list is available
at
http://ee.stanford.edu/~gray/publications.html.
Journal Articles R. M.
Gray and L. D. Davisson,
"Source coding without the ergodic
assumption,"
IEEE Trans. on Info. Theory,
Vol. IT-20,
No. 4,
pp. 502-516,
July 1974.
(Received the 1976 IEEE Information Theory Group Paper Award.)
R. M.
Gray and A. D. Wyner,
"Source coding over simple networks,"
Bell Systems Tech. J.,
Vol. 53,
No. 9,
pp. 1681-1721,
Nov. 1974.
D.L.
Neuhoff, R. M. Gray and L. D. Davisson,
"Fixed rate universal
block source coding with a fidelity criterion,"
IEEE Trans. on Info. Theory,
Vol. IT-21,
No. 5,
pp. 511-523,
Sept. 1975.
R. M.
Gray and A. Macovski
"Maximum a posteriori estimation of position
in scintillation cameras,"
IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci.,
Vol. NS-23,
No. 1,
pp. 849-852,
Feb. 1976.
Y.
Linde, A. Buzo and R. M. Gray,
"An algorithm for vector quantizer
design,"
IEEE Trans. on Comm.,
Vol. COM-28,
pp. 84-95,
Jan. 1980.
R. M.
Gray, D. S. Ornstein and R. L. Dobrushin,
"Block synchronization,
sliding-block coding, invulnerable sources, and zero error codes for
discrete noisy channels,"
Ann. Prob.,
Vol. 8,
pp. 639-674,
Aug. 1980.
A.
Buzo, A.H. Gray, Jr., R.M. Gray, and J.D. Markel,
"Speech coding based upon vector quantization,"IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-28,
pp. 562-574,
October 1980.
(Received the 1983 IEEE ASSP Senior Award.)
L.C.
Stewart, R.M. Gray, and Y. Linde,
"The design of trellis waveform coders,"
IEEE Transactions on Communications,
Vol. COM-30,
pp.702-710,
April 1982. (First codebook excited linear predictive speech codes.)
R.M.
Gray,
"Vector Quantization,"
IEEE ASSP Magazine,
Vol. 1, pp. 4-29, April 1984.
R.M. Gray,
"Oversampled Sigma-Delta Modulation,"
IEEE Transactions on Communications,
Vol. COM-35, pp. 481-489, April 1987.
P. A. Chou, T. Lookabaugh, and R. M. Gray,
"Entropy constrained vector quantization,"
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,
Vol. ASSP-37, pp. 31-42, January 1989.
(Received an IEEE Signal Processing Society Paper Award for best
paper by an author under 30 (Chou and Lookabaugh).)
P.A. Chou, T. Lookabaugh, and R.M. Gray,
"Optimal pruning with applications to tree-structured source coding
and modeling,",
IEEE Trans. on Information Theory,
pp. 299-315, March 1989.
T. M. Cover, P. Gacs, and R. M. Gray,
"Kolmogorov's contributions to information theory and algorithmic
complexity,"
Annals of Probability,
Vol. 17,
pp. 840-865, July 1989.
E. A. Riskin, T. Lookabaugh, P. A. Chou, and R. M. Gray,
Variable rate vector quantization for medical image compression,
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,
Volume 9, pp. 290-298, September 1990.
R. M. Gray,"Spectral analysis of quantization noise,"
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,
Vol. 36,
pp. 1220-1244,
November 1990.
R. M. Gray and T. G. Stockham, Jr.
"Dithered quantizers,"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,
Volume 39, No. 3, May 1993, pp. 805-812.
P. C. Cosman, E. A. Riskin, K. L. Oehler, and R. M. Gray,
"Using Vector Quantization for Image Processing,"
Proceedings of the IEEE,
vol 81, no 9, pp. 1326-1341,
September 1993.
P. C. Cosman, C. Tseng, R. M. Gray, R. A. Olshen, L. E. Moses,
H. C. Davidson, C. J. Bergin, and E. A. Riskin,
"Tree-structured vector quantization of CT chest scans: image quality and
diagnostic accuracy,"
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, December 1993
Volume 12 (4), pp. 727-739.
P. C. Cosman, H C. Davidson, C. J. Bergin,
C. Tseng,
L. E. Moses,
E. A. Riskin, R. A. Olshen,
and R. M. Gray,
"The Effect of Lossy Compression on Diagnostic Accuracy of Thoracic CT
Images,"
Radiology, 190:517-524, January 1994.
P. C. Cosman, R. M. Gray, and R. A. Olshen,
"Evaluating Quality of Compressed Medical Images:
SNR, Subjective Rating, and Diagnostic Accuracy,"
Proceedings of the IEEE,
Volume 82,
pp. 919-932, June 1994.
K.L. Oehler and R.M. Gray,
"Combining image compression and classification using vector
quantization,"
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,
volume 17, pp. 461-473, May 1995.
P.C. Cosman, R.M. Gray, and M. Vetterli,
"Vector quantization of image subbands: A survey,"
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,
vol.5, no.2, pp.
202-25.
February, 1996.
S. M. Perlmutter, P. C. Cosman, R. M. Gray, R. A. Olshen, D. Ikeda,
C. N. Adams, B.J. Betts, M. Williams, K. O. Perlmutter, J. Li, A. Aiyer,
L. Fajardo, R. Birdwell, and B. L. Daniel "Image Quality in Lossy
Compressed Digital Mammograms," Signal Processing, Special Section
on Medical Image Compression, pp. 189-210, Vol. 59, No. 2, June 1997.
S.M. Perlmutter, P.C. Cosman,C. Tseng,
R.A. Olshen, R.M. Gray,
K.C.P. Li, and C.J. Bergin,
"Medical image compression and vector quantization,"
Statistical Science, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 1998.
B. Girod, R.M. Gray, and Jelena Kovacevic,
"Image and Video Coding,"
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,
Vol. 15,
pp. 40-46, March 1998.
R.M. Gray and D.L. Neuhoff,
"Quantization,"
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,
Vol. 44,
pp. 2325-2384, October 1998. (Shannon Commemorative Issue, 1948-1998).
J. Li, R.M. Gray, and R.A. Olshen,
"Multiresolution image classification by hierarchical modeling with
two dimensional hidden Markov models,"
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,
Vol. 46, pp. 1826-1841, August 2000.
R.M. Gray, T. Linder, and J. Li,
"A Lagrangian Formulation of Zador's Entropy-Constrained Quantization
Theorem,"
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, pp. 695-707,
Vol. 48, Number 3, March 2002.
R.M. Gray and T. Linder,
"Mismatch in high rate
entropy constrained vector quantization,"
Vol. 49, pp. 1204-1217g,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, May, 2003.
Books and book chapters
R.M. Gray, Probability, Random Processes, and Ergodic Properties,
Springer-Verlag, 1988.
R. M. Gray,
Entropy and Information Theory, Springer-Verlag,
1990.
A. Gersho and R.M. Gray,
Vector Quantization and Signal Compression,
Kluwer Academic Press,
1992.
R. M. Gray, P. C. Cosman, and K. Oehler,
"Incorporating visual factors into vector quantization for image
compression,"
contributed chapter in Digital Images and
Human Vision,
B. Watson, Ed.,
MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1993,
pp. 35-52.
P.C. Cosman, R.M. Gray, and R.A. Olshen,
"Vector quantization: Clustering and classification trees,"
pp. 93-108,
in Advances in Applied Statistics:
Statistics and Images:2,
K.V. Mardia, Ed., Carfax Publishing Company,
Abingdon, UK, 1994.
R.M. Gray
"Quantization noise in DeltaSigma A/D converters,"
Chapter 2 of Delta-Sigma Data Converters,
edited by S. Norsworthy, R. Schreier, and G. Temes,
IEEE Press, 1997, pp. 44-74.
Jia Li and Robert M. Gray,
Image Segmentation and Compression Using Hidden Markov Models,
Kluwer Academic Press,
Boston, 2000.
Chee Son Won and Robert M. Gray,
Stochastic Image Processing,
Springer/Kluwer/Plenum, 2004.
Robert M. Gray and Lee D. Davisson,
Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing,
December 2004, Cambridge University Press. Individual copies
available for download at http://ee.stanford.edu/~gray/sp.html.
Lucent Technologies Professor of Engineering
Stanford University
December 3, 2007
MIT, Cambridge, MA B.S.& M.S. 1966 Electrical Engineering
USC, Los Angeles, CA Ph.D. 1969 Electrical Engineering
R. M.
Gray and R. C. Tauseworth,
"Frequency-counted measurements and
phase locking to noisy oscillators,"
IEEE Trans. on Comm. Tech.,
Vol. COM-19,
No. 1,
pp. 21-30,
Feb. 1971.